Temposonics List of Products and Services

This RM5 sensor performs long-term linear position measurements even in extremely harsh environments.

• Other measuring instruments

The dust of the Sahara Desert has settled, leaving behind an impressive evening sky. However, unfortunately, the windows are also dirty. Especially in high-rise buildings, cleaning large window panes becomes a significant challenge. To reach all glass-covered areas, the use of mobile lift equipment is essential. The main focus is on the safety of the workers and the precision of their movements. Reliable position measurement by Temposonics sensors enables controlled, efficient, and safe movements. Temposonics displacement sensors support the legal requirements for aerial work platforms and are resistant to shocks and vibrations that occur when moving such platforms.

• Other earthworks, foundation works, and exterior floors
• Structural Survey
• Other elevators and transport systems

In ground monitoring, position sensors are particularly important for safety. The challenge lies in the measurement length and the lack of space to install components despite that. Our RF sensor model is designed for such applications. The special feature of this magnetostrictive Temposonics sensor is its measurement stroke of up to 20 meters. Furthermore, the sensor rod is flexible, allowing for easy installation even in limited spaces, and it can be housed in a compact size, enabling low-cost transportation. This versatile sensor also offers a modular profile that can accurately measure the position of up to 20 locations simultaneously. The very robust profile consists of a basic profile section and several extension parts that achieve the desired length when assembled.

• Other earthworks, foundation works, and exterior floors
• Structural Survey

The Temposonics R Series V is the successor to the current fourth generation R Series, offering compatibility and a more robust linear displacement sensor than ever before. The new Industry 4.0 features provide users with significant advantages by offering additional information about the process, in addition to pure process data (position/velocity). Since status and statistical data are recorded and processed during operation, it becomes possible to gain a deeper understanding of the processes involved. The R Series V is supported by the TempoLink Smart Assistant. TempoLink is optional and supports all R Series V sensors, connecting to the sensor via a power connection. By using the TempoLink Smart Assistant, detailed information about the application status, such as sensor condition, internal temperature, total operating hours, and distance moved by the position magnet, can be relayed and evaluated via a USB port or wireless device.

• Welfare and medical equipment
• Playground equipment
• Material handling systems and equipment

The Temposonics R series is a magnetostrictive linear displacement sensor compatible with industrial Ethernet protocols such as EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP, and Profinet RT. Additionally, the E series supports IO-Link. It provides high speed, high precision, and high durability for position detection in industrial automation equipment and devices, enabling connection with control devices that use these protocols. It also reduces cable wiring, helping to lower overall system costs. The measurement range is from 25mm to 20m, and a variety of sensor shapes are available, including rod/profile (rail guide) types, flexible types, and sensor head separation types. Furthermore, traditional analog outputs as well as digital outputs such as CAN, DeviceNet, Profibus, and SSI are also available.

• Other security systems
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics sensors are high-durability non-contact absolute linear scales that use magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. They offer high precision (0.5μm) and robustness (shock resistance of 100G, vibration resistance of 30G, IP68/69K, pressure resistance of 80MPa, CE compliance), and come with a variety of interfaces (analog, SSI, CANbus, Profibus, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP, Profinet RT, etc.). They are waterproof, capable of measuring lengths up to 20m, support simultaneous measurements at up to 20 different locations, and are explosion-proof, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is being called for worldwide, and the need for renewable energy generation is expected to increase globally, along with further generation capacity. However, the installation environment is extremely harsh, requiring reliability and durability at the component level. Temposonics non-contact linear scales are highly durable against severe conditions such as shock, vibration, and temperature, and are made of SUS rods, making them unaffected by water, oil, and dust. Additionally, they only require magnets for position detection, eliminating the need for power/signal cables. This contributes to improved generation efficiency and reduced maintenance costs, benefiting the global environment.

• Other measuring instruments

In important facilities, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the facility (damper) immediately, day or night, when an earthquake occurs, which is impossible through visual inspection. With Temposonics sensors that can be built into hydraulic cylinders, the condition of the damper can be monitored instantly with high precision and linearity. Additionally, by logging data, it is also possible to monitor the extent of the shaking that occurred.

• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics EH series and C series are compact, non-contact, high-precision, and highly durable positioning sensors. They are suitable for applications that require small size and high performance, such as industrial robots, conveyors, linear guides, medical devices, pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, and autonomous driving in boats/vehicles. The movable part only has a magnet attached to detect position, eliminating the need for power/signal cables, which simplifies the structure and contributes to cost reduction for customers. Additionally, they achieve low cost.

• Transport machinery
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics RF series is a flexible rod (cable-like) linear scale. Since the moving part only requires a magnet and does not need a cable, maintenance costs can be reduced. It is suitable for use in limited installation spaces and can measure positions at up to 20 meters, simultaneously measuring up to 30 locations. It supports various interfaces and can also be connected via a bus.

• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics sensors are durable absolute linear scales that use magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. They offer high precision (0.5μm), robustness (vibration resistance of 30G, waterproof rating of IP68/69K, rod pressure resistance of 80MPa, CE compliance), and stroke lengths ranging from 25mm to 20m, with a variety of interfaces available. They can be used for a wide range of applications, including waterproofing, long-length measurement, simultaneous multi-position measurement, and explosion-proof requirements. Additionally, the pressure-resistant rod can be used directly in a vacuum, and it can accommodate long lengths and curves of up to 20m. Multiple carrier positions can be measured accurately and simultaneously, and since the movable part only uses magnets, there is no need for power or signal cables in the movable section.

• Material handling systems and equipment
• Transportation System
• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics sensors are durable non-contact absolute linear scales that use magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. They offer high precision (0.5μm) and robustness (shock resistance of 100G, vibration resistance of 30G, waterproof rating of IP68/69K, rod pressure resistance of 80MPa, CE compliance), and are equipped with a variety of interfaces (analog, SSI, CANbus, Profibus, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP, etc.). They can be used in a wide range of applications, including waterproofing, multi-position simultaneous measurement, and explosion-proof requirements.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics offers a robust absolute linear scale using magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. It features non-contact measurement with no wear, ensuring a long lifespan. Available in rod and profile (rail guide) types, it supports a variety of interfaces. With a wide range of applications, Temposonics provides sensors tailored to meet customer needs.

• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics C series is ultra-compact yet maintains the fundamental performance characteristics of Temposonics technology (magnetostrictive technology), such as non-contact, high precision, and high durability. It is suitable for applications that require small size and high performance, including railway vehicles, automotive, medical devices, and joystick steering for boats. It has gained attention as a low-cost linear displacement sensor alternative to LVDT and linear potentiometers and is widely adopted across various fields. The CS-M1/CM-M2 models feature a housing specification and have an IP69K waterproof rating.

• Transport machinery
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics C series is ultra-compact while maintaining the fundamental performance of Temposonics technology (magnetostrictive technology) with non-contact, high precision, and high durability. It is suitable for applications that require compactness and high performance, such as railway vehicles, automotive, medical devices, and joystick steering for boats. Additionally, it achieves low cost. It has gained attention as a linear displacement sensor alternative to LVDT and linear potentiometers and is adopted in a wide range of fields. The CS-H2/CM-H2 models come in a waterproof housing with an IP67 rating and can also be used as level sensors with a float.

• Transport machinery
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics C series is ultra-compact while maintaining the fundamental performance of non-contact, high precision, and high durability based on Temposonics technology (magnetostrictive technology). It is suitable for applications that require small size and high performance, such as railway vehicles, automotive, medical devices, and joystick steering for boats. Additionally, it achieves low cost. It is gaining attention as a linear displacement sensor alternative to LVDT and linear potentiometers and is being adopted in a wide range of fields.

• Transport machinery
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics M series includes models MT, which integrate sensing components, electrical circuits, power supplies, and interfaces into a single unit, with three units or two units independently incorporated into one sensor. In other words, it is a triple/twin linear displacement sensor. This design ensures that if a failure occurs in one sensor, another independently operating sensor unit embedded in the same sensor can guarantee functionality, significantly enhancing reliability through redundancy. It is suitable for applications that require a stronger emphasis on the high reliability characteristic of Temposonics sensors, such as power generation turbines, nuclear power plants, medical devices, emergency vehicles, sluice gates, and military applications.

• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics G series includes models GT that are suitable for applications requiring enhanced reliability, such as power generation turbines, nuclear power, medical devices, emergency vehicles, sluice gates, and military uses. These models integrate sensing components, electrical circuits, power supplies, and interfaces into a single unit, with three units or two units independently incorporated into one sensor. In other words, they are triple/twin linear displacement sensors. This design ensures that if a failure occurs in one sensor, another independently operating sensor unit embedded in the same sensor guarantees continued functionality, significantly increasing reliability through redundancy.

• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics R Series and G Series linear displacement sensors provide safe and reliable operation even in hazardous areas. They have been certified for use in explosive atmospheres containing combustible gases (groups IIA, IIB, IIC) and dust. The explosion-proof Temposonics linear displacement sensors comply with equipment certification categories 3D and 3G, ensuring safety when used in these zones with a risk of explosion. Each sensor is independently tested and certified to meet the European standard ATEX directive 94/9/EC. The long lifespan and high safety of Temposonics linear displacement sensors are due to their robust construction. Various protective features prevent ignition sources even when used in hazardous explosive atmospheres. When sensors are installed in hazardous areas containing combustible dust, the sealed sensor housing guarantees completely safe operation. The IP67-rated housing prevents the ingress of dust and water, and by preventing the generation of sparks during operation, the sensors can operate safely even in atmospheres with combustible gases.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators

This high-pressure housing is certified for ATEX EEx, UL, and cUL, allowing the use of Temposonics linear displacement sensors in hazardous areas when installed. ATEX, UL, and cUL apply to flammable gases, vapors, and liquids. This housing can be mounted on Temposonics R Series/G Series analog and digital output sensors. You can choose between a cable direct outlet or connector type. By installing this housing on standard sensors, they can be used in hazardous areas, and sensor replacement becomes easier, resulting in excellent cost efficiency. The design of the housing can be selected to match your application.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• stone

The Temposonics GB series is a stainless steel rod-type position sensor that can be used with a wide range of standard hydraulic cylinders. It is designed to be incorporated within hydraulic cylinders and is particularly suitable for clevis-type cylinders or cylinders with limited mounting space. The magnetostrictive displacement sensor enables the creation of an ideal driving system in technically demanding areas of the machinery industry, such as high-quality cylinders and precision control valves. The output is analog, providing voltage and current signals, as well as forward and reverse signals. An analog output proportional to the position of the magnet is directly output within the measurement range. It also supports SSI. The measurement range is set at the factory and does not require recalibration.

• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics RD4 series is a head-separation type linear scale. It is designed for cylinder applications with limited space and is a robust sensor suitable for continuous operation in harsh industrial environments. The sensor head contains modular electronic circuits, and its double housing ensures high safety and optimal EMC protection. A magnet is attached to the movable part of the device, and the position measurement is performed as the magnet moves along the pressure-resistant rod.

• Other measuring instruments

Level Plus is a liquid level displacement sensor that boasts high precision and high reliability through magnetostrictive technology. It is widely chosen as a liquid level transmitter in ATEX and FM certified intrinsically safe explosion-proof and pressure-resistant explosion-proof specifications, serving as an alternative to radar level gauges, servo gauges, dielectric, conductivity, capacitance, and ultrasonic level sensors. The Level Plus model CHAMBERED features an electronic housing that can be mounted at a 90° angle, reducing the footprint of the housing and allowing installation in tighter spaces without the need to bend pipes or downgrade the level sensor's grade. An example of an application requiring a 90° mounting option for the housing is magnetic level gauges (MLG) that have flanges at both the top and bottom. In MLGs with flanges at both ends, the electronic housing is restricted to mounting on the upper flange, which reduces the measurement range of the level transmitter mounted on the MLG. By using a housing that can be mounted in an L-shape, it is possible to install it away from the MLG.

• Other security systems

The Temposonics model MB is a stainless steel sensor developed specifically for external use on hydraulic cylinders and can be used in applications such as steer-by-wire. This sensor is compact in size with an M14 x 1.5 thread, making it suitable for use in double-acting steering cylinders. A magnet is attached to the piston, transmitting position information to the sensor through the non-magnetic cylinder wall. By using two external sensors, it provides redundant functionality, meeting high safety requirements. In addition to external use on double rod cylinders, it is also suitable for direct attachment to differential cylinders via screws. In this type of installation, a ring magnet attached to the piston slides the sensor to perform position measurement. In other words, the model MB offers the flexibility to install the sensor either inside or outside the cylinder. This new M series sensor allows for the complete integration of the sensor into the hydraulic cylinder.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

The Temposonics model MB is a stainless steel sensor developed specifically for external use with hydraulic cylinders and can be used in applications such as steer-by-wire. This sensor is compact in size with an M14 x 1.5 thread, making it suitable for use in double-acting steering cylinders. A magnet is attached to the piston, transmitting position information to the sensor through the non-magnetic cylinder wall. By using two external sensors, it has a redundant function, meeting high safety requirements. In addition to external use with double rod cylinders, it is also suitable for direct attachment to differential cylinders via screws. In this type of installation, a ring magnet attached to the piston slides the sensor to perform position measurement. In other words, the model MB offers the flexibility to install the sensor inside the cylinder or externally. This new M series sensor allows for the complete integration of the sensor into the hydraulic cylinder.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

EtherNet/IP compatible, Temposonics magnetostrictive linear displacement sensor. It provides high speed, high precision, and high durability for position detection in industrial automation equipment and devices, enabling interfaces with many users of control devices that use the EtherNet/IP protocol, which is an industrial Ethernet. Additionally, it reduces cable wiring and helps to control the overall system cost. The measurement range is from 25mm to 10m, and various sensor shapes can be selected, including rod/profile (rail guide) type, flexible type, and sensor head separation type.

• Other security systems
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

This sensor is a compact, non-contact, high-reliability sensor specially developed through rigorous testing to fit within hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. To accommodate various applications, it offers selectable interfaces such as analog, PWM, CANopen, and J1939. It also supports SIL2 and performance level d, which will become essential in the future. This robust sensor provides optimal solutions for automation and safety in construction machinery, railways, and agricultural machinery. Additionally, the RF sensor, with a maximum range of 20m, can monitor displacements of tunnel walls and slopes in real-time at up to 30 locations with a resolution of 1μm, ensuring safe and reliable construction.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics sensors are durable non-contact absolute linear scales that use magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. They offer high precision (0.5μm) and robustness (shock resistance of 100G, vibration resistance of 30G, IP68/69K, pressure resistance of 80MPa, CE compliant), and are equipped with a variety of interfaces (analog, SSI, CANbus, Profibus, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP, etc.). They are waterproof, capable of measuring lengths up to 20m, support simultaneous measurements at up to 30 locations, and are explosion-proof, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

The magnetostrictive linear displacement sensor Temposonics, using magnetostrictive technology, offers high precision (1μm) and robustness (vibration resistance of 30G, waterproof rating of IP68/IP69K, pressure resistance of 80MPa, CE compliant). It provides a variety of interfaces such as CAN, Profibus, EtherCAT, and EtherNet/IP, allowing for direct connection to the customer's system bus. Additionally, it supports daisy-chain connections, simplifying wiring. Furthermore, this sensor can simultaneously measure the positions of up to 20 permanent magnets without requiring a power cable, with a maximum measurement length of 20m.

• System bath (sauna, shower, etc.)
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics sensors are durable absolute linear scales that use magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. They offer high precision (0.5μm) and robustness (vibration resistance of 30G, waterproof rating of IP68/69K, rod pressure resistance of 80MPa, CE compliance), with a variety of interfaces available. They can be used in a wide range of applications, including waterproofing, long-length measurement, multi-position simultaneous measurement, and explosion-proof requirements.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators
• Other measuring instruments

This is a robust magnetostrictive linear displacement sensor designed to withstand harsh environments such as shocks, vibrations, and temperatures, using magnetostrictive technology. It is compact and can fit within hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Additionally, it has been specially developed as a non-contact, high-reliability absolute linear displacement sensor for use in vehicles, railways, and construction machinery, undergoing rigorous testing for shocks, vibrations, and temperatures for hydraulic cylinders used in vehicles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, and actuators. To accommodate various applications, interfaces such as analog, PWM, CANopen, and J1939 can be selected. It also complies with SIL2 (Safety Integrity Level).

• Drilling Machine
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators

The Temposonics RF series is a flexible rod (cable-like) linear scale. It is suitable for use in limited installation spaces and can measure positions at up to 20 meters and simultaneously at up to 20 locations. It supports various interfaces and can also be connected via a bus.

• Watergate
• Foundation construction
• Bridge Construction

The Temposonics MH series is a robust absolute linear scale that uses magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shocks, vibrations, and temperature variations. It is compact and can fit within hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Additionally, it has been specially developed for use in vehicle hydraulic cylinders, construction machinery hydraulic cylinders, agricultural machinery hydraulic cylinders, and actuators, undergoing rigorous testing such as shock tests, vibration tests, and temperature tests. To accommodate various applications, interfaces such as analog, PWM, CANopen, and SAE J1939 can be selected. Furthermore, the RF sensor, with a maximum length of 20m, can monitor displacements of tunnel walls and slopes in real-time at up to 20 locations with a resolution of 1μm, ensuring safe and reliable construction.

• Drilling Machine
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators

The Temposonics explosion-proof series has obtained ATEX certification recognized in Europe. It offers the same performance and a variety of interfaces as standard Temposonics sensors, and features a compact, high-performance explosion-proof linear displacement sensor available in rod and profile types. Depending on the usage environment, both pressure-resistant explosion-proof and simple explosion-proof options are available. Please consult us if TIIS certification is required.

• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators

The ultra-compact linear scale provided by Temposonics, which invented the magnetostrictive sensor. The C series is ultra-compact yet maintains the fundamental performance of the well-established Temposonics technology, including non-contact, high precision, and high durability. It is suitable for applications that require small size and high performance, such as railway vehicles, automotive, medical devices, and joystick steering for boats. Additionally, it achieves low cost and is gaining attention as a linear displacement sensor, serving as an alternative to LVDT and linear potentiometers. It is also frequently used as a compact level gauge and is adopted in a wide range of fields.

• Transport machinery
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Other measuring instruments

Temposonics offers excellent non-contact absolute displacement sensors using magnetostrictive technology, which serve as alternatives to traditional linear potentiometers, linear encoders, and rotary encoders. This absolute position sensor is an ideal solution for monitoring and controlling machines that perform hydraulic, pneumatic, and electromechanical positioning. Additionally, the sensor head is equipped with a uniquely developed high-performance LSI, enabling not only position detection but also the detection of movement speed, thus providing a complete operational profile of the machine. With a single sensor, it is possible to compare a user-defined target value with the actual position and measure the position of up to 30 locations simultaneously. Many other features are also included. Due to these characteristics, it is adopted in various applications such as industrial equipment, robotics, welding, medical devices, and wind and wave power generation.

• Drilling Machine
• Crane and others
• Sweeping vehicles, grass cutting vehicles, road surface regeneration machines, snow removal machines

This absolute displacement sensor is compact and can fit inside hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Additionally, it is a non-contact, highly reliable absolute position sensor specially developed to undergo rigorous testing such as shock tests, vibration tests, and temperature tests for hydraulic cylinders used in vehicles, construction machinery, and agricultural machinery, as well as for actuators.

• Other measuring instruments

This sensor is a compact, non-contact, high-reliability sensor specially developed through rigorous testing to fit within hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. To accommodate various applications, it offers selectable interfaces such as analog, PWM, CANbus, CANopen, and J1939. It also supports SIL2 and performance level d, which will become essential in the future.

• Drilling Machine
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines
• Prime movers, torque converters, hydraulic equipment, generators

High-resolution and non-contact measurement is achieved, allowing for durable and highly accurate linear displacement measurement even in harsh environments. It can simultaneously detect multiple positions (up to 30 locations) absolutely, and it is also capable of measuring movement speed. Since it is non-contact and absolute, it requires very little maintenance. This multi-position measurement function is available in the Temposonics R series models with CAN, Profibus, and EtherCAT interfaces. Additionally, it can measure up to 20 meters, making it widely adopted in various markets for detecting landslides, avalanches, rock displacement, monitoring strata and ground subsidence, and measuring structural deformation.

• Other security systems
• Watergate
• Foundation construction

With certifications such as ATEX, IECEx, FM, NEPSI, and KC Approval, the intrinsically safe explosion-proof and pressure-resistant specifications enable Temposonics technology to facilitate precise and diverse liquid level measurement. It is widely chosen as an alternative to radar level gauges, servo gauges, dielectric, conductivity, capacitance, and ultrasonic level sensors. Additionally, it supports a maximum rod length of 22m, allows for movement speed, and can measure temperature at 12 locations, making it suitable for monitoring strata and ground subsidence.

• Other security systems

The C series is ultra-compact while maintaining its fundamental performance characteristics such as non-contact, high precision, and high durability based on Temposonics technology. It is ideal for applications that require small size and high performance, such as railway vehicles, automotive, medical devices, and joystick steering for boats. Additionally, it achieves low cost. It is gaining attention as a linear displacement sensor that can replace LVDT and linear potentiometers. It is also frequently used as a compact level gauge and is adopted in a wide range of fields.

• Transportation System
• Other elevators and transport systems
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines

Temposonics sensors are robust absolute linear scales that use magnetostrictive technology, designed to withstand harsh environments such as shock, vibration, and temperature. With non-contact measurement, there is no wear, and the rod-type sensors are compact, fitting within hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. In addition to the diverse lineup of Temposonics linear scales, which includes various shapes, measurement ranges, and interfaces, sensors with enhanced waterproof performance have been added.

• Drilling Machine
• Sweeping vehicles, grass cutting vehicles, road surface regeneration machines, snow removal machines
• Work boats, research vessels, underwater work machines