Tohoku Techno Arch Co., Ltd. List of Products and Services

Conventionally, diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis has been made by angiography, etc., and a simple method for diagnosis by blood or other means has not been established. The inventors have identified two types of anti-vascular endothelial antibodies (AECA) that appear in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. These antibodies are considered useful as diagnostic markers for Takayasu's arteritis.

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Conventional growing device of seaweed is hung down from near the sea surface into the sea and light up the seaweed from the upper side. So that reason, they are often broken by driftage. Sunlight also come up them from the upper side, only one side of seaweeds is lighted and their growth efficiency is not good. This invention is about the light which has fixation property and able to illuminate from below the seaweed.

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Phenyl sulfate(PS) and indoxyl sulfuric(IS) are factor of Diabetic nephropathy(DN). Decreasing PS and IS in blood is important for DN treatment.　 　This is PS and IS reducing agent with L-metatyrosine and 2-azatyrosine as active ingredients.

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Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease) and organ damage and is attracting attention as a therapeutic target. In this study, we found that vitamin K (especially the reduced form), a functional food ingredient, has a potent preventing effect on ferroptosis. Although a higher intake of vitamin K than those from the diet would be required to exert the anti-ferroptotic effect, vitamin K can be safely used even at high doses due to the no harmful effect reported. Thus, high-dose vitamin K supplementation is expected to be commercialized as a dietary supplement, functional food, and medicine.

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Causes of fatal diseases such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction include vessel diseases such as arteriosclerosis, vascular stenosis, or aneurysm. Early non-invasive detection of such vessel diseases can prevent the development of fatal diseases. Conventional PWV tests can only determine vascular stiffness. The present invention is a novel method that combines viscoelastic analysis of blood vessels and irregular vibration analysis of blood vessel walls. 　It is a noninvasive diagnostic method that can cope with various causes of arteriosclerosis. Aneurysms in the trunk, which are distant from the measurement site, can also be determined. ★The software patent was filed jointly with Rise Corporation, and the software will be manufactured by the company. ★A prototype of the equipment has been completed, and it is available for loan upon request.

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PI3K / AKT pathway is known as the major signaling pathway involved in survival and proliferation of cells. This is also known as the therapeutic target for cancer because this is aberrantly-activated for various cancer cells. 　Therefore, the inventors screened compounds with PI3K inhibitory activity from hundreds of compound. The results show that FK228 (a.k.a. Istodax（C）), HDAC inhibitor, and its analogs have PI3K inhibitory activity.

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This invention is for a permanent magnet reluctance generator(PMRG) employing the ferrite magnet instead of the rare-earth magnet, which has almost the same output power and efficiency in comparison with the one employed rare-earth magnet in spite of lower cost. 　The optimum shape for the rotor pole-tip was designed to reduce torque ripple, which enables noiseless running.

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Understanding gene functions in marine invertebrates has been limited, largely due to the lack of suitable assay systems.　 　The inventors discovered a strong viral promoter derived from a bivalve-infectious virus, ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1). 　This promoter showed 24.7-fold and 16.1-fold higher activity than the cytomegalovirus immediate early (CMV IE) promoter and the endogenous EF1α promoter, the two most commonly used promoters in bivalves so far (Fig.1). 　GFP assays showed that the OsHV-1 promoter is active not only in scallop cells (Fig.2) but also in HEK293 cells (Fig.3) and zebrafish embryos.

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Alcohol oxidation is one of fundamental reactions in organic chemistry. This reaction is especially useful for synthesizing high-valueadded compounds such as medicine, pesticide, perfume and so on. Although, TEMPO and the related compounds featuring AZADO skeleton (e.g. AZADO, 1-Me-AZADO, and ABNO) are often used as alcohol oxidation catalyst , there are some problems concerning catalytic activity and reaction efficiency. This invention provides novel alcohol oxidation catalyst “Nor-AZADO” which can effectively oxidize sec-alcohol as well as n-alcohol using air as the terminal oxidant.

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Blue light irradiation has been shown to be effective in killing more than 10 species of pests. Previous studies have used light-emitting diodes, but large facilities have had problems with their light intensity.　 　Therefore, the inventors have developed a device that effectively emits blue laser light as a device that exerts insecticidal effects over a wide area. (Usefulness) ・Safe compared to methods using ultraviolet light to kill insects. ・Suitably designed to kill multiple species and objects at different stages of development. ・At the same time as killing, growth can be promoted by shining a favorable light on plant growth.

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Injection device of liquid with active species have been developed in order to disinfect and extermine pathogens and pests using plasma. This device is configured to create plasma to generate the active species, and to inject the liquid containing the active species through a jet. However, the heat of plasma raises temperature of the liquid in the reaction vessel, and the short-lived active species may be deactivated if the plasma discharge time is too long so the sterilization effect may be reduced. 　This invention can provide an injection device of liquid containing active species and sterilization & extermination method that can maintain a high disinfection effect even when the plasma discharge time is long. This invention has a dissolution injection means containing active species which is obtained by dissolving plasma-active gas into liquid and a cooling means to prevent the temperature rise in order to maintain a high sterilization effect.

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　Previously, Ppc1, a small molecule compound derived from a cellular slime mold, was only known to inhibit the growth of cultured cells.　 　We have demonstrated that Ppc1 and its derivatives have inhibitory and uncoupling effects on IL-2 production.

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In comprehensive gene expression analysis such as T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis, it is important that target specific and non-biased gene amplification products are obtained. Conventional methods often ligate adapters with restriction enzyme site to synthesized cDNA ends and treat adapter-ligated cDNAs with said restriction enzyme before specific amplification. In such methods, however, unused and untreated adapters often inhibit target specific and non-biased amplification.　 　This invention performs target specific, non-biased gene amplification by combination of uracil-containing adapter and uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) treatment (Fig 1).

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Laser scanning microscopy, used for observing a sample by scanning a laser focal spot and detecting reflecting, scattering, or fluorescence signals from a target can be increased acquisition speed of 2D images by high-speed raster scanning of a laser beam. But the rapid acquisition of 3D images is substantially restricted due to the need of changing the moving observation plane. 　Using the present invention can be possible the optical 3D imaging acquired at once without moving the optical system or target, because optical information along the optical axis obtained in different lateral position on the detector by separately concentrating the lights.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) is known to be used as a filler in the sealing resin of electronic components and semiconductors to efficiently dissipate the heat due to its high insulation and thermal conductivity. AlN particles are manufactured at high temperatures, but the conventional method can not include a large amount of AlN particles in the resin. In recent years, the improvement of sealing resin strength is required since the demands for miniaturization of electronic components and semiconductors are increasing. 　This invention can simply provide a new form of AlN that can be suitably used as a thermally conductive filler and a high strength filler. This invention is characterized by the process of mixing the carbon and alumina particles in a crucible then to achieve a mixture ratio more important than the stoichiometric mixture ratio required to produce AlN, and irradiating the alumina particles with microwaves under a nitrogen atmosphere to reduce and nitride the alumina particles with carbon particles. This invention describes also the process of sublimating the AlN and attaching it to a sample in a non-heated state to produce an AlN wire.

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In X-ray and neutron interferometry, the wavefront control elements must be precisely shaped. Grating with high-precision shape is required especially for interferometer where metallic glass grating is used as wavefront control elements. To obtain a metallic glass grating, it is preferable to bring the grating as close as possible to the crystallization initiation temperature with fast heat-up. However, more the temperature is high, more the lifetime time for the supercooled liquid is short. Therefore, the metallic glass material has to be molded while the viscosity is still high. In addition, the conventional grating manufacturing has difficulty to obtain small structures and the process needs long time. 　This invention is able to form a metallic glass material with low viscosity, and to provide a manufacturing method, wavefront-controlled elements and diffraction grating with structure smaller than few 10μm having precise shape control in a short time. This invention has a process of heating a metallic glass material in a supercooled state to a temperature above the crystallization begins, and mixing until the crystallization is completed.

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The conventional chemical for sterilization and pest extermination destroys the environment due to its residue. In order to solve this problem, the following technical issues needed to be accomplished. Apply highly bactericidal and environmentally friendly hydroxyl radical (OH radical) for sterilization, disinfection and pest extermination １，Establish an efficient method for producing a large quantity of hydroxyl radical ２， Substitute air for helium and argon expensive gases to reduce cost and weight (ease of transport). The most important characteristic of this invention is the creation of a plasma jet device where the air is used instead of expensive gases such as helium and argon, and introduces a water mist that can produce a large quantity of hydroxyl radicals, which are the most effective for sterilization.

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The micro-scanner which is being developed to reduce the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) size is a MEMS device that has a mirror and a torsion bar to support it, and scans with the laser beam in 2D. So far, the torsion bar could break in a short time due to hydroxylation/oxidation caused by moisture/oxygen adhesion to its surface. In addition, even a standard protective film is formed on the torsion bar surface, it cannot completely prevent moisture and oxygen adhesion, so the degradation of the torsion bar cannot be avoided. As consequence, vacuum sealing of the mirror device was required to obtain a practical life of the torsion bar. 　This invention is able to provide a scanning mirror and its manufacturing method that can prevent deterioration from oxidation and hydroxylation of the torsion bar in the atmosphere. This invention is composed of a mirror section and a torsion bar in which the surface is covered with an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) layer.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) is known to be used as a filler in the sealing resin of electronic components and semiconductors to efficiently dissipate the heat due to its high insulation and thermal conductivity, and can significantly improve their life. However, the shape of the AlN particles produced by sintering at high temperature for a long time is extremely irregular, and it is not possible to include a large amount of AlN particles uniformly in the sealing resin. 　This invention is able to simply provide AlN particles with a new configuration that can be suitably used as a thermally conductive filler. In this invention, carbon & alumina particles are mixed and placed in a crucible, then irradiated by microwaves, contrary to conventional method where alumina particles are completely reduced by carbon particles.

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In order to realize pesticide-free agriculture that is safe for human body, research on pathogen and pest control using plasma effluent gases are actively conducted. The use of plasma can sterilize vegetables without leaving any harmful residue, which makes it possible to provide pesticide-free vegetables that are safe for human health. Conventional pathogen and pest control devices are designed to generate OH radicals in the reaction vessel. In order to use this pathogen and pest control device for agriculture, it is preferable to generate as many OH radicals as possible to exterminate pathogens and pests quickly and efficiently. 　This invention is able to provide a pathogen and pest control device and a reaction vessel that can efficiently exterminate pathogens and pests in a short time. Since this invention has a shape that reduces the water flow velocity, the water evaporation rate can be increased and the OH radicals can be generated efficiently. Pathogens and pests can be exterminated by irradiating the OH radicals and short-lived reactive species derived from the OH radicals.

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In recent years, the development of micro-scanner using MEMS scanning mirror has intensified in order to reduce the optical sensor system size such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). The omnidirectional scanning mirror which is a type of MEMS mirror device, is being researched for its potential application for LiDAR equipped on automated vehicle. One possibility to realize this is to rotate the mirror section by using "gimbal" technology, which has 2 mutually orthogonal axes. However, the rotation around the 2 orthogonal axes interferes with each other, resulting in nonlinear motion, making it impossible to control the mirror movement in a stable manner. 　This invention can provide an omnidirectional scanning mirror that can stably control the mirror movement. This omnidirectional scanning mirror is composed of a mirror, a rotation axis and a support section. The vertical component of the moment of inertia tensor of this mirror is located within a certain range in order to control mirror stability.

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Conventional technologies for joining metal and resin include mechanical fastening with rivets, bolts, nuts, etc. and adhesive bonding, but the former has problems such as poor airtightness and increased number and weight of parts in the bonding area, while the latter has low adhesive strength due to the lack of adhesives for thermoplastic resins and low reliability in long-term use. 　The present invention relates to a technology for joining resin and metal simply, firmly, quickly, and at low cost, which differs from the above methods in that it is a dry process, does not require expensive equipment, and is not a wet process, thus eliminating the need for waste liquid treatment.

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As an environmentally friendly solar cell, light, transparent, and flexible solar cells are required. However, a technique that satisfies these three points has not yet been reported. On the other hand, a transparent solar cell using a semiconductor material such as transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) has been proposed as a candidate that satisfies the above requirements. The present invention relates to a light, transparent, and flexible photoelectric conversion device using a TMD, and further to a technology that enables provision of a transparent solar cell capable of enlarging an area by an inventor's ingenuity.

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Rectenna composed of an antenna and a diode is known as a device for converting electromagnetic waves into electric power. The rectenna absorbs electromagnetic waves with an antenna and performs photoelectric conversion. In recent years, research on optical rectennas, in which rectenna technology is applied to the optical frequency domain, has been advanced, and results of photovoltaic power generation have been reported. However, the optical rectennas reported at present are difficult to manufacture or have low efficiency.　 　The present invention has succeeded in significantly increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency by introducing a special structure and material into the metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) tunnel diode and established an device based on hollow resonators.

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The Fan-out Wafer Level Package (FOWLP) method, which is the mainstream method for semiconductor packages, especially for mobile applications, has a problem of "die shift" in which mounted components shift by flow of sealing resin and wiring defects occurred. Further, even in a device such as a flexible display, there is a problem that a mounted component on the device is shifted when the device is bent.　 　In order to solve the above problems, the invention is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor package without die shift by incorporating a special anchor layer under a mounting component and adopting a special manufacturing process, and the semiconductor package. 　The invention is expected to produce a highly integrated semiconductor package without a die shift, and to be applied to a flexible display and a wearable device.

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To realize a low-carbon society, alkaline water electrolysis equipment, which uses renewable energy to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen, is attracting attention. However, the nickel (Ni) electrode used for the anode of conventional alkaline water electrolysis equipment degrade under fluctuating electric power derived from renewable energy. In addition, stainless steel which is one of the alternative anode material for Ni have the problem that chromium elute into the alkaline electrolyte and generate toxic hexavalent Cr during the electrolysis.　 　In the invention, in order to solve the above problems, a certain ingenuity has been applied to solve the conventional problem of electrode performance degradation, and the dissolution amount of Cr has been successfully suppressed.

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In recent years, spintronics, which make active use of the small magnetic property (spin) of electrons, has attracted attention from the viewpoint of realizing devices with low power consumption and high density. Many of the spintronics functions are driven by a spin flow. So the pioneering of innovative generation and control methods of spin flow has been required.　 　The present invention is a new development of magnetic metamaterials with artificially manipulated symmetry in nano space, and pioneered a new principle that completely controls the propagation direction and magnitude of spin flow at room temperature and at ultra-high speed by the polarization state of light pulses. 　The present invention is expected not only to dramatically improve the degree of freedom in designing next-generation spintronics devices, but also to be applied to ultrafast optical spintronics, in which conventional optical science and spintronics technologies are developed through nanotechnology.

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Ceramics – carbon composite having multi-function is developed in the recent years. However, the composite is heated at high temperature for a long time during the manufacturing process so the particles are sintering between them and the Li4Ti5O12 nano particles able to generate high power cannot be obtained. Moreover, the synthesis method is complex and uses expensive raw materials so the manufacturing cost is high. 　This invention can provide oxide ceramics – carbon composite and its manufacturing process with reduced cost. This invention manufacturing process is to mix raw material of oxide ceramics made by LiO2 and TiO2 with carbon and fire with microwave in order to create Li4Ti5O12 carbon composite. As result, Li4Ti5O12 crystalline particle which is an oxide ceramics having particle diameter lower than 250nm; and oxide ceramics – carbon composite having above mentionned carbon bond on the crystal plane (111) and (200) of the oxide ceramics – carbon composite were obtained.

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As an alternative to ITO widely used as a transparent conductive material, Ag nanowires have attracted attention because of their high flexibility, optical transparency, conductivity, and durability.　 　As a conventional manufacturing method of Ag nanowires, a method using a protective agent such as a polyol method is typical. 　However, in order to remove the protective agent which is an additive, there are problems such as manufacturing process, increase in manufacturing cost, and waste treatment. On the other hand, the present invention can suppress the extra manufacturing cost because no additive is used, and it is possible to fabricate Ag nanowires with large aspect ratio with good yield and low cost.

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Conventional nitride coating methods include CVD (chemical vapor deposition) and PVD (physical vapor deposition). However, there is a problem that the manufacturing process is complicated and the work is not efficient because pressure adjustment and atmosphere replacement by vacuum equipment are required. Therefore, the nitride coating in the atmospheric pressure has been developed, but there is a problem that the surface is uneven. The present invention shows follow features, and it can solve above problems. ・ TiN(Nitride coating) is formed by microwave process. ・ Vacuum process is not needed. ・ Nitride coating is formed more uniformly.

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　γ-Gallium oxide (γ-Ga2O3) is one of the metastable structures of gallium oxide and has excellent catalytic properties. However, it was difficult to be synthesized. In the conventional method for producing γ-Ga2O3, gallium nitrate hydrate was dissolved in distilled water with urea and baked at 500ºC. However, this method required a facility for high-temperature treatment and had a problem of increasing production costs such as equipment costs.　 　The present invention makes it possible to provide a method for producing gallium oxide at a low temperature and a simple process, thereby reducing production costs. 　It is characterized in that a raw material solution containing liquid gallium and a reducing agent is irradiated with ultrasonic waves. Thus, particles of gallium can be refined, and particles having crystals of γ-Ga2O3 can be formed on the surface thereof. As a result, the baking process and the complicated separation and cleaning process are not required, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and γ-Ga2O3 can be produced by a simple process at a low temperature.

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In recent years, interest in preventing sunburn and stain has been growing in the health care field. If ultraviolet ray can be easily measured using smartphone, etc., it is expected to contribute to health management and cosmetic medicine. In addition, the number of device that handle ultraviolet ray is increasing in the industrial field, so the need for measuring and sensing ultraviolet ray is growing.　 　This invention is able to measure from UV-A, which causes stain and wrinkles, to UV-B, which causes sunburn, by using silicon semiconductor. So far, silicon photodiode (PD) technology with high sensitivity in wide optical wavelength range of 190-1100 nm and high light resistance that does not deteriorate even after long term exposure to intense ultraviolet light has been developed. Moreover, a technology that selectively and efficiently detects optical signal in the UV region even in environment with background light including visible light and near-infrared light, has been achieved by applying this silicon PD technology to a new differential type detection method. *Theoretically feasible for also UV-C (consultation required)

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MoS2 is attracting attention as the material for next-generation nanodevices with low power consumption and new functionality. Current fabrication methods include intercalation, which is a method of inserting ions to widen the interlayer distance and exfoliate, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which is a method of depositing a film on the surface of a substrate by supplying a source gas containing thin film components, but the former is of low quality and the latter is expensive and less productive.　 　This invention relates to a method for producing novel layered nanosheets of high quality, such as low cost, low interlayer residue and high orientation, which solve the above problems. Examples of producing layered nanosheets are MoS2 and graphite, but other layered nanosheets can also be produced.

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・ Recently, ToF sensors that can measure the distance from an object are attracting attention in various fields such as automobiles, robots, and sensor. ・ However, conventional ToF sensors have a issue that it is difficult to improve both characteristics because there is a trade-off between frame rate and depth noise. ・ Therefore, this work has successfully solved the above issue by with in-pixel analog memory array for each image sensor and sub-frame integration. ・ This work achieved up to 10kfps at HS mode and depth noise is less than 1.3% at HP mode(0.4-4.2 m). ・ This work shows higher characteristics than conventional ToF sensors, and therefore, it is expected to be applied to autonomous driving sensors, autonomous running robots, factory automation (FA), drones, VR/AR, etc.

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・Metal/insulator/metal tunnel diodes (MIM tunnel diodes) are used when rectifying signals of frequencies in the infrared and terahertz regions. ・ However, it is difficult to improve the rectification performance because there is a trade-off between electrical resistance and asymmetry. ・ The invention has solved the above issue by introducing metallic nanoparticle layers (NPs) into the MIM tunnel diodes and changing the tunnel barrier at forward and backward biases by the effect of electric field concentration. ・ Since the invention has greatly improved rectifying performance compared to tunnel diodes without NPs,the present tunnel diodes can be expected to be used to high-frequency devices (Optical rectenna, IR, THz detector).

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When mass-producing products containing metamaterials, a new method for sorting out good or bad metamaterials is desired because the current conventional technology can not provide an efficient and low-cost detection methods for its large areas. 　The present invention provides an evaluation method for checking the quality of metamaterials that is less expensive than conventional techniques and reduces the time required for evaluation, thus ultimately reducing costs.

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One of the carbon dioxide reduction technologies is an electrochemical method. This method has the advantage that the reaction occurs at room temperature and pressure and does not require a hydrogen gas supply, but has not been put to practical use due to its low reaction efficiency. The present invention relates to a gas reduction device which can increase reaction efficiency more than the conventional one by using micro reaction space with a nano-catalytic cathode and a gas-liquid mixture flow in a microchannel.　 The gas reduction microreactor was fabricated and its ability to reduce carbon dioxide to methane was measured (right panel). It was demonstrated that highly efficient gas reduction is possible using the microspace and nano-catalytic cathode.

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　We have developed a technology to deposit solid-state ionic films used in solid oxide secondary batteries at room temperature by electroplating. This technology makes it possible to integrate small solid-state ionic batteries, which has been difficult until now. Some oxide solid-state ionic batteries are fabricated by powder sintering or sputtering, but they require a high temperature process, so the separation by thermal stress is a problem. The present invention provides a technique for depositing a solid ionic film (Cathode electrode and solid electrolyte films) by electroplating without requiring a high temperature process. 　The films of the cathode active materials and solid electrolytes were successfully deposited and patterned by electroplating at room temperature. In addition, an ionic solid-state battery was fabricated using this technology, and its operation was confirmed (right figure).

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Introduction 　Influenza prevails broadly every season. Current diagnostic drugs can not be performed until the virus increases quite a lot (ca. 12~24h after infection, symptoms may appear), and if not so, both sensitivity and accuracy of the test will be doubtful. To prevent on-going severe symptoms, new diagnostic tech for influenza at earlier stage becomes so demanded. This invention provides a conjugate of peptide nucleic acid sequence (PNA) and a small molecule, targeting the commonly identical RNA hairpin promoter region of eight kinds of influenza A virus. Effect & Application 　The conjugate (tFIT-DPQ probe) is composed of two parts: tFIT unit for recognition of virus RNA’s nucleotides and DPQ* unit for UAA internal loop binding. In tFIT unit, a fluorescent ligand is inserted so as to be capable to emit signals when intercalating to RNA duplex (Fig. 1). The conjugate shows an over 1000 times greater binding affinity than DPQ molecule only (Fig. 2). By simply mixing the virus RNA contained sample and the conjugate together, test result will be obtained within a short time (ca. 2~3 min) and 1nM virus RNA (ca. 1010 copies) can be detected. Moreover, the virus inhibition effect by the conjugate in micromolar range was confirmed (Fig. 3). 　tFIT-DPQ probe is expected to be applied as diagnostic and inhibitory drugs, as well as a screening tool for influenza drug candidates.

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Filamentous fungi (e.g. Aspergillus oryzae) are well-used for production of useful proteins and small molecules in industry. However, it is well-known that hyphal aggregation during the liquid cultivation often prevents from growing with high density, resulting in low productivity. This invention discloses a mutant fungus, in which α-1,3-glucan synthase (AGS) genes plus the genes on galactosaminogalactan (GAG) cluster are deficient.　 　AGS deficient fungi (AGΔ) showed a highly dispersed property [1]. By inducing further deficiency in genes on GAG cluster, the mutant (AGΔ-GAGΔ) shows a fully dispersed state in liquid culture. Further, this phenotype contributes to well aerobic conditions during cultivation, resulting in increasing growth of cells and substance production thereby.

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　Recently, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has attracted attention as a new material. Although it is expected to be used as a filler to improve mechanical strength by dispersing CNF into a base material such as resin, it is still a problem because of insufficient orientation and dispersability in the base material. 　 　The present invention has been made in view of such problems. Focusing on silk fibers as a base material, we have succeeded in providing a technique for obtaining silkworm silk obtained by uniformly dispersing CNF.

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　Recently, drones (or UAVs) have been used as a platform for three-dimensional measurement using Structure from Motion(SfM). By using machine learning on the obtained image data, quantitative evaluation and grasping of topography and vegetation information have been attempted, but conventional methods have problems in simplicity and accuracy improvement.　 　Therefore, the present invention provides a method for producing a composite image of the ground surface by which the utilization status of the ground surface such as vegetation can be easily grasped using height information obtained by using a drone. 　The composite image is highly versatile because it can be obtained as a three-channel RGB image. Moreover, it can be processed by any free software you want to use and the installation is not difficult. 　In terms of machine learning accuracy, the Sørensen–Dice coefficient for the comparison example in which the homestead woodlands was extracted using only ortho images was 0.64, while the Dice coefficient for the synthetic images was 0.80, showing an improvement in accuracy.

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　The invention is possible to create network among mobile devices autonomously and send/receive messages. Typically, it is too difficult to create network among mobile devices and negotiation/keep stable communication link. 　However, this invention is possible to negotiation/keep stable link and execute multihop communication by combination Delay Tolerant Network(DTN) like Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET) and wireless LAN. In inventor’s research, it was successful to communicate among smartphones directly and execute multihop communication. The communication method of this invention is possible to use other wireless communication instead of wireless LAN.

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A phase-change material, which has a high crystallization temperature and is superior in thermal stability of the amorphous phase, which has a composition of the general chemical formula GexMyTe100-x-y wherein M indicates one type of element which is selected from the group which comprises Al, Si, Cu, In, and Sn, x is 5.0 to 50.0 (at %) and y is 4.0 to 45.0 (at %) in range, and x and y are selected so that 40 (at %)≦x+y≦60 (at %). This phase-change material further contains, as an additional element L, at least one type of element L which is selected from the group which comprises N, O, Al, Si, P, Cu, In, and Sn in the form of GexMyLzTe100-x-y-z wherein z is selected so that 40 (at %)≦x+y+z≦60 (at %).

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Electron spectroscopy is a method to study the electronic structure of matter by irradiating it with energy beams such as light or electrons, and analyzing the energy of electrons emitted from the material. Various types of electron spectrometers—such as time-of-flight and electrostatic deflection types—are used depending on the energy of the electrons, but the energy resolution achievable with current instruments has its limits. This technology is a relatively compact electron spectrometer based on an entirely new measurement principle. Its greatest feature is that it enables measurement with an ultra-high energy resolution far surpassing the world standard—regardless of the type of energy beam or the magnitude of electron energy—while maintaining high instrument sensitivity.

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